超临界环境下煤油替代物液滴燃烧特性数值研究

为研究液氧/煤油火箭发动机燃烧室内经喷注形成的煤油液滴的燃烧过程，基于实际气体状态方程、高压热物性修正、高压气液平衡和详细化学反应动力学，建立一维的全瞬态液滴燃烧模型，对超临界环境下两组分煤油替代物液滴的燃烧特性及液滴初始直径的影响进行仿真研究。结果表明，在超临界环境下，相比于煤油液滴纯蒸发过程，煤油液滴燃烧过程的迁移时刻大大提前；煤油液滴着火之后很快进入超临界燃烧阶段，此时液滴燃烧过程可以看成中心附近的燃料高浓度区与外侧氧气高浓度区之间的扩散燃烧过程；煤油液滴的火焰半径先增大，达到最大值之后开始减小，并减小为零，火焰温度在着火之后快速上升至最大值，并基本保持不变，在火焰半径减小为零之后开始降低；随着液滴初始直径的增大，火焰特性以及液滴中心参数变化曲线趋势不变、整体延迟，着火时间、迁移时间和液滴寿命增大。     

地外人工光合成装置研制与试验

原位资源利用技术是地外生命保障体系构建、实现人类地外生存的有效途径，是载人深空探索的核心技术。基于微通道技术的人工光合成反应器，采用流动反应器设计，用于低微重力等特殊环境条件下模拟人工光合作用，实现CO２向O２和含碳燃料的转化。微通道芯片通过气液剪切作用力使气体反应产物快速脱离电极表面并随反应介质排出反应器，理论上可以克服微重力条件对反应过程的影响，尚需进行微重力试验进行验证。同时，微通道结构可以通过精确控制反应气液的压力、流速、流量比等反应条件，获得优化的反应条件。通过地面试验，验证了该反应器将CO２还原为O２和含碳化合物的功能可行性。以Au和Ir/C作为阴极和阳极材料，3V电压条件下，O２产率可达11.74mL/h。此外，基于人工光合成反应器搭建了集反应模块、控制模块、流路驱动模块以及检测模块等于一体的地外人工光合成装置，形成原位反应、介质供给、精确控制、在线收集和检测等功能一体化的系统，并实现CO２有效转换和O２供给。为后续技术成熟度更高的反应装置研制、高产物选择性的含碳化合物转化以及人工光合成反应装置在轨试验奠定了理论和实践基础。     

空间站燃烧科学实验系统设计

建立空间站燃烧实验系统，可满足未来空间微重力燃烧实验系统需求.通过空间站微重力燃烧实验研究，可拓展空间燃烧学研究.根据所要实现的功能及燃烧实验需求，对中国空间站燃烧柜的燃烧科学实验系统进行了设计和分析.燃烧科学实验系统由8个子系统组成，是一个适合开展气、液、固多种燃料燃烧实验的综合性实验系统.考虑到强度设计要求，在完成方案设计后，对系统进行了有限元分析，并在研制的结构件上进行了力学环境实验.实验与分析结果表明，本文设计的实验系统能够满足环模实验的要求，结构合理可行.      

新型柔索式杆束结构压紧释放装置

针对空间机械臂、空间可展开天线等空间机构在收拢状态的杆束结构压紧与释放问题，提出一种基于柔性索捆绑压紧与热刀释放的新型压紧释放装置。建立了柔索式压紧释放装置锁紧状态的力学模型，分析了静态压紧和考虑惯性载荷情况下的绳索预紧力变化情况，得到了满足可靠压紧的绳索预紧力设计值。基于质量和刚度等效，设计了机械臂杆束结构力学等效件，并进行了正弦与随机振动力学试验。试验结果验证了所设计的柔索式杆束结构压紧释放装置的可行性，并可以推广到具有复杂包络的杆束结构压紧释放中。     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

过氧化氢/紫外线/臭氧氧化技术处理肼类污水的应用

采用放大试验规模（处理量1 m³/h）的H₂O₂（过氧化氢）/UV（紫外线）/O₃（臭氧）氧化技术处理肼类推进剂污水，在30.0±1.6 ℃，pH=9.0±0.2的条件下，研究肼类的过氧化氢增强光解臭氧化降解。对比不同氧化技术的协同效应以及对污水降解的影响，重点考察过氧化氢、紫外线、臭氧和初始浓度等工艺参数对降解效果的影响，对氧化技术的应用进行了优化。研究结果表明：该技术可使COD去除率提高27.66%，肼类的降解速率随着过氧化氢投加量、紫外线辐射强度、O₃投加速率和水质地提高而升高，随着初始质量浓度的提高而下降。在最佳工艺下，处理5 000 mg/L质量浓度的废水，处理60 min时，COD去除率分别为98.62%（偏二甲肼）、99.17%（甲基肼）、99.94%（肼）和93.25%（单推-3）。     

火星车低气压无风热环境模拟试验技术

为模拟火星车工作时所处大温差、低气压环境,文章以自主研制的调温热沉系统和压力控制系统为依托,实现试验容器热沉系统温度在-135~27℃间任意快速调节,均匀性优于±5℃;试验容器内气体压力控制值与目标压力值之差在±10 Pa之内。在国内首次完成无风环境下的火星车温控模拟舱验证试验,为火星车热分析模型修正以及后续火星车有风热环境试验提供了参考。     

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.     

异构无人系统协同作战关键技术综述

针对异构无人系统的规模、异构性强弱，对异构无人系统进行了分类，引入了异构无人系统协同作战班组的概念以及应用设想，并通过城市环境中异构无人系统协同作战问题为牵引，提出了异构无人系统协同作战面临的挑战与解决思路，在此基础之上，从异构无人系统协同控制架构、协同任务规划、智能交互、目标感知、环境感知等主要方面对异构无人系统协同作战的关键技术进行了分析，最后对异构无人系统协同作战目前的研究进展与挑战进行了总结。     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.